According to the definition of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), live broadcast satellites are dedicated satellites for the satellite broadcasting service (BSS), and the so-called satellite live broadcast system (DBS) refers to a type of direct broadcast of broadcast television programs to homes using live satellites Emerging transmission system. The direct broadcast satellite is different from the general communication satellites widely used now. In addition to the characteristics of general communication satellites, it also has the following characteristics:
1. The coverage of TV signal beams planned by direct broadcast satellites is protected by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). According to ITU's plan, China belongs to the three districts, and the downlink frequency band KU of live broadcast satellites is: 11.7 ~ 12.2GHz, and it is allocated to 3 live broadcast satellite orbit positions (62 degrees E, 80 degrees E, 92 degrees E) in China. The ITU also stipulates that the planned frequency bands and beam coverage of the approved countries are protected by the ITU; in the design of the DBS, each country must minimize the radio wave radiation to the territories of other countries unless approved by the relevant national authorities.
2. The broadcast TV signal of direct broadcast satellite can be directly received by the family. The live broadcast satellite has high radiation power and high EIRP value in the coverage area, so its receiving system is simpler, smaller and cheaper than the general communication satellite receiving system, plus the application of digital technology with code rate compression as the core, users only need to use 0.45 The parabolic antenna with an aperture of about m can directly receive more than 100 sets of high-quality broadcast and television programs using a dedicated satellite receiver (IRD) and a remote control. 3. The broadcast and television signals of the direct broadcast satellites are deficient in rain attenuation. The transponder of the live broadcast satellite works in the KU frequency band (11.7 ~ 12.2GHz), which will cause rain attenuation, but it can be improved by appropriately increasing the diameter of the receiving antenna.
It is these characteristics of the direct broadcast satellite that make the satellite direct broadcast system (DBS) have other coverage in solving the problem of radio and television coverage in mountain, river, lake, and island areas, agriculture, pasture areas, and old, young, border, and poor areas. Unparalleled advantages. The system has the advantages of less investment, quick effect, wide coverage, low receiving cost, and easy development of integrated services of image and data information. The Chinese government has adopted the satellite live broadcast system as the main way to achieve the strategic goal of the "Village Village" TV project. According to the master plan drafted by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television: using the KU communication satellite frequency band (12.25-12.75 GHz) in 1999, live broadcast will be used after 2000 Satellite dedicated KU frequency band (11.7 ~ 12.2GHz) was used for satellite live broadcast test. On the New Year ’s Day in 1999, the first phase of the “Cuncuntong†project was successfully launched. A KU frequency band 2A satellite transponder for the Xinnuo 1 communication satellite was leased. Digital compression method (MPEG2 / DVB-S standard) transmits 8 sets of CCTV programs (multi-channel single carrier MCPC) and 8 sets of broadcast programs (MUSICAM method) for satellite live broadcast, and purchases 10,000 sets of KU band small satellite ground receiving stations, It was donated to 10,000 national poverty-stricken villages. It can be seen that in the future, the satellite direct broadcast system will flourish at a faster rate.
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