In the electrical design of buildings, emergency lighting is a very important concept, which is defined in various design codes and mandatory provisions. The rationality of emergency lighting design in a building is directly related to whether the building function can operate normally in the event of fire or power outage, whether the personnel can be safely and timely evacuated, and whether the property can be preserved.
1 Emergency lighting concept
Illumination that is enabled due to a failure of normal lighting power is called emergency lighting. Emergency lighting includes standby lighting, evacuation lighting, and safety lighting. JG J 16-2008 Civil Building Electrical Design Code (hereinafter referred to as “People's Regulationsâ€) Article 10.3.2 stipulates: After normal lighting has been extinguished for a reason, it is necessary to ensure that the place where it works normally or continues to be set up with standby lighting; Evacuation lighting should be provided for the exit and access of personnel for safe evacuation; safety lighting should be provided in places where personnel at potential dangers are safe. It can be seen that emergency lighting includes standby lighting, evacuation lighting and safety lighting.
Normal lighting power failure, including normal power failure and fire accident power failure, in both cases to ensure that normal work or activities continue, there is a fundamental difference in power supply. The power failure of a fire accident shall be a fire emergency lighting. In normal times, the power failure shall be an accident lighting (non-fire emergency lighting). In accordance with Article 13.8.2 of the “People's Regulations†and GB 50016-2006 Code for Fire Protection of Building Design (hereinafter referred to as “Low Regulationsâ€), Article 11.3.2, Section 4, GB 50045-95 High-rise Civil Building Design Fire Protection Code (2005 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as "High Regulations") Article 9.2.2: Fire control room, self-contained power supply room, power distribution room, fire pump room, smoke control machine room, telephone main machine room and fire Other places or rooms that still need to work, belong to the fire protection work area. Emergency lighting in this area belongs to fire emergency lighting, and its facilities should be fire-fighting electrical equipment. In accordance with Article 13.8.3 of the Civil Code, Article 13.8.6, Section 11.3.2 of the Low Regulations, Article 11.3.5, and the High Regulations 9.2.2. Provisions of Articles 1 and 9.2.2: The personnel-intensive places in public buildings are not part of the fire-fighting work area during fires. Only evacuation lighting is provided, which ensures that the emergency lighting that continues normal work or activities belongs to non-fire emergency standby lighting. (accident lighting). It can be seen that emergency standby lighting should be divided into two categories: fire emergency standby lighting and non-fire emergency standby lighting. Articles 10.2.3, 10.5, etc. of the "People's Regulations" refer to the provisions of emergency lighting for the two types of emergency lighting forms. Section 13.8 (Fire Emergency Lighting) provisions are for fire emergency Special provisions for lighting. The meaning of evacuation lighting is the facility equipped for the evacuation of fire scenes for personnel evacuation in case of fire (or sudden accident).
2 Characteristics of emergency lighting
2. 1 Characteristics of emergency standby lighting
The emergency backup lighting mentioned above is classified into fire emergency backup lighting and non-fire emergency standby lighting, which are fundamentally different in design and operation. Different places of use: Fire emergency backup lighting: For fire protection work areas (see section 13.4.2 of the Civil Code). Non-fire emergency standby lighting: Large and medium-sized public buildings and crowded places, such places to maintain normal work and social order in case of power failure, reduce economic losses, ensure the safety of personnel and property, and set up standby lighting.
Different electrical properties: Fire emergency backup lighting: It belongs to fire-fighting electrical equipment. Its power supply load level, emergency power supply setting and power distribution system should be designed according to the nature of fire-fighting electricity. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: Can not replace fire emergency lighting, can not enter the fire-fighting distribution system, belongs to the primary and secondary general lighting power load, and its power distribution system should be set separately from the fire emergency standby lighting, no forced start is required. In case of fire, the power should be removed according to the non-fire load.
Illumination standard requirements are different: Fire emergency backup lighting: Due to the work in the fire (fire protection work area), the illuminance value is the same as the normal illumination illuminance value. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: According to Article 10.5 of the “People's Regulationsâ€, no less than 10% of general lighting, large venues can reach 50%, or even 100% (such as international sports venues, international conference centers) .
Different types of lamps: Fire emergency backup lighting: The selection of lamps should comply with the relevant provisions of GB 17945 fire emergency lighting: Fire emergency lighting housing should use non-combustible materials or flame retardant materials (oxygen index not less than 30), internal wiring should be resistant Temperature is not less than 105! Wire. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: should be selected according to general lighting fixtures. Continuous power supply time is different: Fire emergency backup lighting: The minimum continuous power supply time is 180 m in, which is consistent with the highest fire resistance limit set by the building. Non-fire emergency emergency lighting: No time limit is set, depending on the needs of the installation site.
Wire selection and line laying requirements are different: Fire emergency standby lighting: According to the "People's Regulations" 13.1, 13. 13.4, 13.5, "Low", 11. 1. Article 6. Implementation of Article 9.1.4 of the High Regulations. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: According to the general lighting line selection and laying regulations.
2. 2 Characteristics of evacuation lighting
The electrical properties of evacuation lighting belong to fire-fighting equipment. The illuminance value shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 13.8 of the Civil Code: stairwell, personnel-intensive area, underground layer shall not be less than 5 Lx, evacuation channel shall not be less than 0. 5 Lx. The minimum continuous power supply time is not less than 30 m in. The selection of lamps is based on the standard of fire emergency lighting. The feeder line is selected and laid according to the requirements of the fire-fighting line. The power distribution method should be set separately from the fire emergency standby lighting circuit. The control method should be forcibly lit during a fire.