Automobile design is an important means of competition to promote automobile sales. Large companies will use the means of frequent replacement of vehicles to gain consumers' favor and win over competitors. Automotive design is the first step in automotive development and has become increasingly important throughout the automotive design process.
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New product development refers to a series of decision-making processes from the research and selection of products that meet the needs of the market, to product design, process manufacturing design, and to normal production. According to different development depths, new product development is also divided into four levels, S1 level development is the simplest, and S4 level involves the most comprehensive development content.
Level classification of automotive new product development depth
According to different development methods, product development can be divided into two main ways: reverse development and forward development. Reverse development began with prototype car benchmarking, which was derived from passive imitation of prototype products. Forward development begins with the early product planning, which stems from the initiative to develop a product.
Reverse development has low investment, low cost, and short development cycle. It is suitable for the initial development stage and solves the problem of product availability. At present, most of the low-speed electric vehicle companies adopt imitation roads, and then develop S1-level deep series products based on the reverse developed platform models. For example, the most common types of Benben models on the market are variants of front and rear bumpers, lights, or interior modifications based on the Benben platform models.
Forward development is an inevitable trend in the future development of low-speed electric vehicles, and it is impossible to rely solely on individual strengths. To a large extent, it depends on the scientific organization procedures for developing design and its standardization. This week's weekly report will outline the styling process for the development of the model and the content of the relevant links.
Market analysis and positioning
The development of new vehicles must first conduct product feasibility analysis and product research on target markets. The main tasks are as follows:
(1) Research on consumer groups: including lifestyles, hobbies, values, consumption views, outlook on life, and use of vehicles.
(2) Competing product analysis and positioning: Identify the design direction and positioning by analyzing existing products of the same type and other companies that may form a competitive relationship in the future.
(3) Product positioning: Through the pre-design survey, determine the use and aesthetic needs of the target user population, as well as functional positioning.
(4) Determination of modeling style: The person in charge of product design convene relevant designers to discuss and determine the style, image and design direction of the product.
(5) Formulate preliminary technical plan: Calculate the technical specifications and expected performance parameters of selected models, and analyze whether the technical process can adapt to the technical level and process capability of the enterprise.
(6) Financial analysis: Analyze factors such as cost control to predict whether products can bring profits to enterprises.
2. Total layout design
The general layout design is the basis of the design. The total layout design determines the main size and basic shape of the vehicle, and stipulates the design hard points for the designer's conception and play, so that the shape and creative design can be targeted.
The overall layout design determines the configuration relationship, weight, regulations and performance indicators of the vehicle, chassis, powertrain and other systems through the overall planning of the vehicle design. Most of the current layout designs use digital three-dimensional design. Low-speed electric vehicle companies can make appropriate changes and partial improvements based on the existing mature overall layout, which can simplify the workload and shorten the development cycle.
3. Creative and sketch design
The stylist is designed according to the size and basic shape of the overall layout, incorporating his own understanding and perception of the model, and delineating the specific image of the car's shape. At this stage, designers can throw away many constraints in reality, develop ideas, and fully use their imagination to create, which helps to create new ideas and good ideas, and is conducive to innovative product design.
The most direct and quick means of expressing creativity is sketching. At this stage, designers should use divergent thinking to open up their own design vision, looking for inspiration from different perspectives and different design styles. The early sketches often have some uncertain ideas from the designers, lack of scrutiny, more casual and relaxed, and need to be screened.
4. Effect chart
After the creative stage has been roughly designed, some development plans have been selected from a number of design sketches for renderings, including various styling details and structures. The renderings are used to guide the modeling of the sludge, the digital model, and the presentation of the solution, which requires precise results. At this time, it is impossible to completely eliminate the need for market aesthetics, price and process routes. For a newly developed model, the design drawings of the 6-9 alternatives are generally reviewed, and 2-3 schemes are selected to enter the design phase of the next proportional sludge model.
5. Initial digital model
After the rendering stage is completed, a 3D model is needed as a basis for scrutinizing and displaying the styling. Based on the renderings, the digital designer builds a digital model with 3D modeling software. This digital model guarantees dimensional accuracy through the data in the chassis. Next, using CNC machining technology to make a small proportion of sludge model, then the designer carefully processed the milled model, examining it from all angles, and repeatedly scrutinizing each line and each face. Finally, after the review is passed, the sludge model is scanned into a point cloud data input computer, and the digital model is reconstructed to form an initial digital model.
6. Sludge model
3-4 small-sized appearance clay models are usually produced in a ratio of 1:4, and then a suitable scheme is selected from several modeling schemes based on the model to serve as a basis for technical design. The selection discussion mainly discusses aesthetic issues, but also relates to the structure, process and other aspects. Therefore, the project leader usually convene the modeling designer, the structural designer and the personnel responsible for the process, supporting, marketing and sales to attend the meeting. .
After the first step of selection based on the small model, it is necessary to optimize the car shape through the proportional model. Until now, the proportional oil sludge model is still an indispensable part of the car design and development process, because the large model such as the physical object is more intuitive and persuasive, and the realism of the reduced scale pattern and the full-size pattern is completely different. of. For example, some rounded corners or curves on the scale model look small and elegant, and a 5x magnification may appear awkward.
In the past, the traditional method was used to manually create the 1:1 clay model. Now with the initial digital model, CNC machining technology can be used to directly mill the 1:1 clay model, which is more difficult to handle accessories and some oil sludge (such as bumper). The tail fins, etc. are directly processed by rapid prototyping technology and installed on the sludge model, which greatly saves time and manpower investment. After the review is passed, the solid model is converted into a point cloud input to the computer through 3D scanning, and the next stage is used for surface smoothing processing.
7. Color design and part design details
The exterior of the car is basically composed of 2-3 colors. The large-area color is the paint color on the body surface, the small-area black gray is used for the grille and the color separation design of the bumper and anti-scratch strip, and the chrome-plated light is selected. Silver is partially embellished, such as door handles, rearview mirrors, and decorative strips. In the interior design of the car, the instrument panel, the center console, the seat, the door trim panel, the roof panel, etc. all need to be designed with color and material to create an indoor atmosphere with comfortable warmth or speed, car color and material. The design should be in line with the overall shape design style of the car, and it should meet the needs of the spiritual level of the consumer's personality, aesthetic taste and so on.
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