U.S. Develops Ultrasensitive Biosensors

Researchers at the New York University Institute of Technology have created ultra-sensitive biosensors that can identify the smallest single RNA virus in a solution (a virus whose RNA is a group of RNAs, collectively referred to as RNA viruses). This progress is expected to completely change the pattern of early disease detection and shorten the waiting time for test results from weeks to minutes. The relevant research report was published in the latest issue of Applied Physics Letters.

Under normal circumstances, the use of electron microscopy to detect the virus in a vacuum environment is not only time consuming but also increases the cost and complexity of the operation. With the new biosensor, scientists were able to detect the smallest single RNA viral particle, MS2, with a mass of only 6 gram (femtogram). The laser will move out of the tunable laser and move along the fiber. The remote detector will measure the intensity of these lights. A miniature glass ball will come in contact with the fiber, changing the path of the light and moving it around the glass ball. When the virus particles come into contact with the ball, they will change the properties of the ball, causing a change in the resonant frequency. The laser moves the glass ball around the biosensor several times to ensure that no details on the surface are missed.

The smaller the particles, the more difficult it is to record these changes. For example, viruses and antibody proteins associated with polio are very small, which requires a more sensitive sensor. The research team achieved the sensor's sensitivity by attaching the gold nanoreceptor to the resonant microspheres. These receivers are made of plasma and therefore can enhance the nearby electric field so that small disturbances can be easily detected.

Currently scientists are trying to detect single proteins with new sensors, which is a major step towards early disease detection. Professor Stephen Arnold of the Department of Applied Physics of the school explained: “When the body encounters an invasive foreign virus, it will generate a large amount of antibody proteins in response. If we can detect and identify individual proteins, we can find earlier The existence of the virus, and speed up the course of treatment." The use of biosensors to detect disease markers in human blood, saliva, and urine is also one of the scientists' future efforts.

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