New energy vehicles entered the “tuyere†period in the past two years. With the rapid growth in sales and retention, one question surfaced: What should be done after the power batteries used by new energy vehicles are “retired� In this regard, the representatives of the two participating committee members expressed that it is necessary to clarify the main responsibility, promote the establishment of battery recycling system, help build ecological civilization.
Status: The first batch of automotive power batteries usher in the "retired" period
“Promote the development of integrated circuits, fifth-generation mobile communications, aircraft engines, new energy vehicles, new materials, and other industries†and “extend the preferential tax on purchase of new energy vehicle vehicles for another three years†- several times in this year's government work report Mentioned new energy vehicles.
Statistics show that with the support of policies, the sales of new energy vehicles in China reached 777,000 in 2017, ranking the first in the world for three consecutive years. Accumulation of approximately 1.8 million vehicles, accounting for more than 50% of the global market.
The rapid development of new energy vehicles has produced a clear pull for the development and production of power batteries. In addition to the voyage mileage and charging issues that consumers are concerned about, the problem of power battery degradation has gradually entered the public view.
"Generally speaking, the service life of power batteries is 5 to 8 years," said Wang Min, chairman of the Sichuan National People's Congress and chairman of Sichuan Qiyang Automobile Group. This means that new energy vehicles put into the market around 2012 will begin in 2018. Gradually usher in the "retired" period of the power battery.
The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Administrative Committee of Jinshan Science and Technology Park of East China University of Science and Technology said that the current domestic battery is mainly lithium-ion batteries. Originally positioned "green" new energy vehicles, if the improper recycling of power batteries, will cause heavy metal pollution, alkali pollution and dust pollution.
To strengthen recycling, at the end of February this year, seven ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly formulated the “Interim Measures for the Management of the Recycling and Utilization of Power Battery for New Energy Vehiclesâ€. Some companies also seized the opportunity. Guoxuan Hi-Tech, a listed company of power batteries, recently stated that it has established related companies for battery recycling and is currently constructing a recycling production line.
Exploration: step-by-step utilization, recycling, and multiple measures
Unlike ordinary batteries, vehicle power batteries are bulky and have complex components, and their recycling requires a relatively high technical threshold.
"The implementation of the producer responsibility extension system, the automobile production enterprises bear the main responsibility for the recovery of the power battery." "Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling and Utilization of Power Battery for New Energy Vehicles" was clearly put forward.
Chen Hong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Shanghai Automotive Group, stated that at this stage, China's power battery recycling policy system is not sound enough. It is difficult for an entire vehicle manufacturer to manage the entire life cycle of the sales of new vehicles from the sale of new vehicles to the final recycling of the power batteries of all the vehicles sold.
"Relevant departments are recommended to research and issue new energy vehicle recycling qualifications, and gradually eliminate backward technology and environmental protection enterprises that do not meet the standard," said Chen Hong.
In terms of utilization, the main aspects of current industry exploration include cascade utilization and recycling. "According to relevant standards, the power battery capacity is attenuated to less than 80% of the rated capacity, and it is no longer suitable for electric vehicles," said Lan Yibo. However, just like a toy used dry battery can be used in a remote control, the “retired†power battery from the car can still be used in energy storage, low-speed electric vehicles and other fields.
The power battery after the use of the ladder can be transferred to the recycling section. That is, qualified companies should dismantle their products in accordance with relevant technical specifications and extract valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium. For other non-utilizable residues, perform harmless disposal according to environmental protection regulations.
Proposal: To make battery recycling information available
Regardless of whether the use of cascades or recycling, the premise is to be able to monitor the flow of waste batteries to ensure that they flow into a technology, qualified manufacturers, so that the entire industry can operate in a healthy and orderly manner.
To achieve this, we must first track the traceability and traceability of power battery production and recycling information. The Interim Measures proposes that battery companies should coordinate with the automobile enterprises, code the production of power batteries produced according to national standards, and upload battery code and new energy vehicle related information through the traceability information system.
“Recommended to increase the power battery code information of new energy vehicle owners in the social credit system. When recycling batteries, the recycling companies report to the management organization and regularly update personal credit information to prevent the owner from disassembling the battery and market on the market. Illegal sale," said Chen Hong.
Representatives also stated that considering that China's power battery recycling has just started, it is recommended that during the sales phase of new energy vehicles, some of the car purchases or government subsidies be transferred to special funds for environmental protection to support the company's use of batteries for cascade R&D and development. Life cycle management.
NPC deputy and Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau Shou Ziqi said that the government can also introduce marketization mechanisms based on guidance and supervision, and encourage companies to establish closed-loop value transactions. "Let the end-of-life batteries flow to the standard enterprises, so that recycling of batteries not only has environmental significance, but also has economic benefits."
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