RTD ratio temperature measurement application

Many system designers use Σ-Δ ADCs and RTDs (Resistive Temperature Detectors) for temperature measurements, but have difficulty implementing the high performance specified in the ADC data sheet. For example, some designers may only get 12 to 13 noise-free bits from a 16-bit to 18-bit ADC. The front-end technology described in this article enables designers to get more than 16 noise-free bits in their system design.

The use of RTD in ratiometric measurements has certain advantages because it eliminates sources of error such as accuracy and drift of the excitation current source. Below is a typical circuit for 4-wire RTD ratiometric measurements. The advantage of the 4-wire configuration is that it eliminates the error caused by the pin resistance.

RTD ratio temperature measurement application

Figure 1. 4-wire RTD ratiometric measurement circuit.

We can derive the following two formulas from the above circuit:

RTD ratio temperature measurement application

When the ADC is operating in bipolar differential mode, the general expression for calculating the RTD resistance (RRTD) is as follows:

RTD ratio temperature measurement application

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