In 2013, Sony announced the new technology of Bravia TV "TRILUMINOS", which is a new technology applied to the light-emitting panel part of LCD TVs. It can make the color gamut coverage of LCD TV screen reach 111.97% of NTSC standard. But what is the principle of this technology, and how is it different from the traditional display effect of using a chip to simulate a wide color gamut?
Do not rely on multi-color LEDs, quantum dots of different diameters give you accurate colorsThe backlight has always been an indispensable part of the LCD screen. Good backlight and spectrum performance basically determine the quality of a LCD panel. At present, the blue LED + yellow fluorescent powder on the market can make people feel white light, but the lack of red and green light makes color mixing more difficult. Now there is a quantum dot technology that can accurately convert blue light into red light and green light ...
Generally speaking, we call materials with a length, width, and height below 100 nanometers (the size of a few atoms) as quantum dots or nanoparticles (off-topic: only one dimension below 100 nanometers is called quantum Well (nano film), only 2 dimensions below 100 nanometers are called nanowires (nanorods), because of the small size, the surface area and volume are quite large, the effect is fast, and the surface is not linked with electron The more the more, the stronger the activity.
If the size of the quantum dots is made of materials, the electrons are easily excited to change the energy level and emit light when combined with the holes; and then found that the energy intensity (wavelength) of the emitted light is proportional to the size of the quantum dots. The smaller the quantum dot, the higher the energy and the shorter the wavelength, and the larger the quantum dot, the lower the energy and the longer the wavelength (blue shift phenomenon).
This condition is called the quantum confinement effect. Generally speaking, when the size of the material is large, the distance between the electronic energy levels is small (the energy gap is small), which can be explained by classical mechanics. However, when the material is very small, such as the size of quantum dots, the energy gap of its electrons will be relatively large, thus exhibiting completely different characteristics from large-scale materials. If silicon itself is an indirect energy gap, electrons and holes do not emit light when combined, but if cut to the size of quantum dots, silicon will become a direct energy gap, which will emit light when energized.
Quantum dots of different diameters show different colors under ultraviolet irradiation.
Change the light frequency by sizeRegardless of whether you can understand the previous paragraph, just remember that the smaller the diameter of the quantum dot, the smaller the wavelength of the light after excitation (bluer), the larger the diameter, the longer the wavelength of the light after excitation (redder), by With this feature, we can control the size of quantum dots and emit three colors of blue, green, and red. Furthermore, if we can mix quantum dot materials with different diameters, we can even produce continuous spectrum light like sunlight or natural light. Perhaps in the future, we can completely replace the current spectrum discontinuity of artificial light sources.
The relationship between quantum dot size and wavelength, (picture taken from Nanosys)
3 manufacturers compete for manufacturingIt is difficult to manufacture semiconductor materials with such a small size, and it is already a remarkable achievement to produce a few kilograms of materials each year. The frequently used materials are cadmium selenide CdSe and zinc oxide ZnO, which are illuminated by blue LED light sources on quantum dot Produces green and red light. There are currently three ways to integrate quantum dots into the LCD panel. The first is to directly replace the yellow phosphor with quantum dots and directly package with the blue LED (On-Chip); the second is to put it in a vacuum treatment. In the glass tube, arrange the glass tube between the backlight and the panel (On-Edge); the third is to directly make a thin film containing quantum dots to replace the current On-Surface in the LCD panel.
The companies that develop quantum dot technology in the world can be roughly divided into three: Nanoco, Nanosys, QD Vision, Nanosys has collaborated with 3M to manufacture On-Surface products, called QDEF (Quantum Dot Enhancement Film), protected by 3M The quantum dot material is sandwiched between the top and bottom of the material to avoid the impact of the environment and reduce the service life of QDEF. It is rumored that Apple will also use QDEF technology in the iPhone 6 panel. QD Vision is relatively fast in commercial application, and has been integrated in Sony's next-generation TV using On-Edge (models with TRILUMINOS Display).
QDEF can replace the function of the diffusion film inside the LCD, and convert blue light into green light and red light. (Picture taken from Nanosys)
In addition to being used as fluorescent powder, quantum dots can also be made into OLED and QLED, depending on whether they can be mass-produced and reduce prices in the future, and quickly replace the current tragic W-LED.
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